The eight allotropes of carbon
To connect what we have been studying in class regarding
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes,
we are going to explore the question:
How does the molecular structure of matter affect the
physical characteristics of a specific material?
Explore the website below.
Use the menu on the left of the screen to get an overview of the site.
Under "Tech Papers" choose "White Paper" and find information on
• steel, aluminum, titanium and carbon
List the physical and chemical properties of each substance.
Comment:
What makes carbon the most desirable material in bike construction and what has led to the advancement of composites within cycling?
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteCarbon
ReplyDelete• Lightest- physical
• Strongest- physical
• Non-corrosive- chemical
Aluminum
• Light- physical
• Adequately strong- physical
• Stiff- physical
• Non-corrosive in non salty-spots environments
Titanium
• Light-physical
• Strong- physical
• Non-corrosive- chemical
• Resilient- physical
Steel
• Strong- physical
• Stiff- physical
• Resilient- physical
• Corrosive- chemical
Carbon would be the best material because it is the lightest, the strongest and it is non-corrosive. Lightweight bikes are essential to biking and it’s always a positive if they’re strong. Carbon is brilliant for the construction of a bike because it’s non-corrosive. This means it would not rust when bad weather was applied.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteSteel:
ReplyDelete- Reduced weight (Physical)
- Excessive flexibility (Physical)
- Heavy (Physical)
Aluminum:
- No endurance limit
- Rigid (Physical)
Titanium:
- Rigid (Physical)
- High Strength
- light weight (Physical)
- resilience (Chemical)
- resistance to corrosion make (Chemical)
- Shock Absorbing (Physical)
Carbon:
- Lightest (Physical)
- Strongest (Physical)
- Best shock absorption (Physical)
- Unlimited design applications (Physical)
- Non-corrosive (Chemical)
- Material has high fatigue resistance (Chemical)
- Some designs are easily repaired (Chemical)
Carbon is most desirable for many reasons. One reason is because it light. Even though it is light is the strongest of all the metals here. Another reason is because it has the best shock absorbent. Plus carbon has unlimited design applications. Also, carbon is really non-corrosive. Carbon is a material that has a high fatigue resistance. Lastly, some designs mad by carbon are easily repaired.
Steel:
ReplyDelete• Strong-physical
• Easy to work with and repair-physical
• Resilient-physical
Titanium:
• Strong-physical
• Resilient-physical
• Light-weight-physical
• Resistant to corrosion-chemical
Aluminum:
• Light-physical
• Relatively strong-physical
• Stiff for its weight-physical
• Not corrosive in non-salty environments-chemical
Carbon:
• Lightest of the elements listed above-physical
• Strongest of the elements listed above-physical
• Has the best shock absorption-physical
• Non-corrosive-chemical
• High fatigue resistance-physical
Carbon is the most desirable material in bike construction because it absorbs shock well, it is not corrosive, it is light-weight and yet very strong, some designs are easily repaired, and there are unlimited design applications. Advancements in composites are due to a need for materials that were equal to the strength, rigidity, and equal in size to that of metal frames but with much less weight.
Steel:
ReplyDelete-heavy; physical
-excessive flexibility; physical
-corrosive; chemical
-produces weaker, heat-affected zones; chemical
Aluminum:
-no specific endurance limit; physical
-rigid; physical
-light; physical
-strong; physical
-non-corrosive; chemical
Titanium:
-rigid; physical
-high strength; physical
-light weight; physical
-non-corrosive; chemical
-resilient; physical
Carbon:
-light; physical
-strong; physical
-absorbs shock; physical
-non-corrosive; chemical
-high fatigue resistance; physical
Carbon is the most desirable material in bike construction. This is because of it's high endurance, and it's overall better physical features. It absorbs shock, it's non-corrosive, it has high fatigue resistance, it's light, and it's strong. All of these features surpass those of aluminum, titanium, and steel. The advancement of composites within cycling are due to the use of carbon, and mostly because of gradual technological advances. Carbon bikes appeared mainly in the mid 1970's. Going into the 1980's they were generally more common. Over the past couple of years, more advanced carbon framesets have been released into the market, however they tend to be more expensive than other metal frames. Cracks and loop dropouts were found when they were first being released into the market, but over time, the outcome of carbon framesets have been more successful.
Titanium
ReplyDelete• High strength, physical
• Light weight, physical
• Solid fatigue minimum, physical
• Resistant to corrosion, chemical
Aluminum
• Low fatigue minimum, physical
• Rigid and stiff, physical
• Resistant to corrosion in salt-less environments, chemical
Carbon fiber
• Very light, physical
• Very strong, physical
• High fatigue minimum, physical
• Non-corrosive, chemical
Steel
• Easy to repair, physical
• Strong, physical
• stiff, physical
• Corrosive, chemical
Carbon and its many composites have become popular among the bicycle designing community due to the new level of design they allow in a frame. Carbon fibers can be worked to many different degrees of stiffness, and this strength is only recognized completely when force is applied across the strand. Carbon fibers are also very light, strong, and resistant to the slow wearing down most other materials experience. The result of this is that designers can use carbon fibers to create bicycle frames that are just strong enough or flexible enough in all the right places to give the easiest, most comfortable ride possible.
Aluminum
ReplyDeletePhysical-
Light
Strong
Chemical-
Heat resistant
Non-corrosive
Titanium
Physical-
Light weight
Strong
Stiff
Chemical-
Resistance to corrosion
Carbon
Physical-
stiffness
Light
Strong
Chemical-
Non-corrosive
Steel
Physical-
Strong
stiff
Heavy
Chemical-
corrosive
Weaker after welding
Carbon is the most desirable material to make bikes with because it is light weight, absorbs shock, and is not corrosive, yet there is much that can be done with it. It is the most resilient to use and will last the longest. The advancements in composites have been because of the want and need for something stronger, lighter, and more resilient to make bikes out of. When carbon composite was first looked at it wasn’t developed well enough and therefore broke. Carbon composite was not out of the picture because of how much lighter it is than the metals and how much more comfortable it is for the rider to ride a composite bike.
Steel:
ReplyDelete•Physical
1. Excessive flexibility
2. Isotropy
3. Heavy
4. Strong
Chemical
1. Corrosive
2. Weak in heat affected zones
Aluminum:
•Physical
1. Isotropy
2. Light
3. strong
•Chemical
1. Non corrosive
Titanium:
•Physical
1. High strength
2. Light weight
3. Resilience
4. Shock absorbing
•Chemical
1. Resistance to corrosion
Carbon:
•Physical
1. Strong
2. Light weight
3. Rigid
•Chemical
1. Thermosetting resin
2. Non corrosive
Carbon is the most desirable material in bike construction because, carbon is strong lightweight and rigid. All of these characteristics are essential in a bike because of all the things it has to endure. A chemical property that is very important in carbon that is also needed in a bike is that it is non corrosive. A good bike must be used with carbon in order to work efficiently and be easy to use. The advancements of composites are to find a material that can work as well as carbon does.
Titanium
ReplyDelete• Strong - Physical
• Light weight - Physical
• Resilience – physical
• Resistance to corrosion – Chemical
Aluminum
• Light weight – physical
• Very stiff for its weight – physical
• Lacks resilience - physical
• Adequately strong – physical
• Non-corrosive in non-salty environments – chemical
Steel
• Strong - physical
• Stiff -physical
• Heavy - physical
• Corrosive – chemical
Carbon
• Light - physical
• Strong -physical
• Non – corrosive - chemical
• Good shock absorber - physical
Carbon is the best material for bike making use because it is a lot lighter and stronger than most others. Also it’s not a metal so it’s non-corrosive. Even though it is very expensive the things that it has to offer are totally worth it. With cycling racing becoming more popular carbon is becoming more of a demand. Its light weight and strength allow it to make a bike that can go fast and be durable throughout different environments. The advances of carbon came when people started looking for other materials to use instead of just the standard heavy and harsh ones. I think that carbon is the best material to use and it is going to be around for awhile, or at least until they find a better, cheaper material.
Aluminum:
ReplyDeletePHYSICAL
• excessive flexibility
• isotropy
• stiff
• no resilience
CHEMICAL
• noncorrosive if non salty environment
Titanium:
• excessive flexibility
• high strength
• light weight
• shock absorbing
• noncorrosive
• resilient
• isotropy
• resistance to corrosion
Carbon:
CHEMICAL
• noncorrosive
PHYSICAL
• lightest
• anisotropic
• high fatigue resilience
• multiple layers
• multi-section frames
• strongest
• rigid
• best shock absorption
Steel:
PHYSICAL
• strong
• stiff
• resilient
• heavy
• isotropy
CHEMICAL
• weak heat affected zones
• corrosive
Carbon is the most desirable material in bike construction because it has better physical and chemical properties than metals. This element is the lightest and the strongest compared to the metals and it is noncorrosive, flexible and has the best shock absorption. The effort to make bikes of composites began because manufacturers wanted to save weight. Because “more innovative carbon fiber framesets entered the market” they became more popular. Riders liked them because they didn’t weigh as much as metal bikes and the carbon fiber frame provided more comfort. “The development of sophisticated analysis programs” in the 80s further advanced these bikes and they became more prominent in the industry. The carbon fiber bike also gained popularity when accomplished racers began promoting them.
Titanium:
ReplyDeletePhysical: high strength, flexible, metal, isotropy,
Chemical: resistance of corrosion, shock absorbing,
Steel:
Physical: heavy, strong, stiff, flexible,
Chemical: corrosive,
Aluminum:
Physical: strong, inflexible,
Chemical: non corrosive in non salty environments,
Carbon:
Physical: light, strong, manmade strength and stiffness,
Chemical: shock absorbing, non-corrosive, long lasting,
Carbon is the most desirable material in bike construction because carbon is able to bend and form into any type of shape and still be strong and reliable. This creates new worlds for bikes and bicyclists. Carbon also can make a bike much lighter than a traditional bike made of metal. This makes the bike easier to use and to transport. Carbon is long lasting, so your bike will not give in or rust as easily as a metal bike would.
Steel - Physical Properties Aluminum- Physical Properties
ReplyDelete-Strong material - Lightweight
-Stiff - Strong
-Resilient to damage - Very stiff for the weight
-Heavy Aluminum- Chemical Properties
Steel- Chemical Properties - Non-corrosive in salty environments
-Corrosive
-Becomes weaker after welding Carbon- Physical Properties
-Very light - Very strong
Titanium- Physical Properties Carbon- Chemical Properties
-Lightweight -Non-corrosive
-Strong material
-Resilient to damage
-Not stiff
Titanium- Chemical Properties
-Non-corrosive
-Carbon used in bike frames and bike parts is stronger, longer lasting, and less corrosive than any other known material used in bikes. Carbon, although expensive, is a better bet than other metal materials because its integrity and reliability usually outweigh the price. Carbon is a fairly new material being use in bikes and many other vehicles as well. Bicycles, especially mountain and off-road bicycles need a strong and reliable material that can withstand a lot of weather and wear. The market for high-tech. bikes has created the opportunity for the 1980s to be a great advancement time. As new materials were being looked at, carbon was experimented with and took until modern day to really perfect.
• Pros and Cons of steel, aluminum, titanium, and carbon.
ReplyDelete• Steel
• Pros
• Inexpensive
• Strong
• Stiff Resilient
• fee Easy to work with and repair
• cons
• Heavy
• Corrosive
• Designs limited by available tubes and lugs
• Brazing and welding produces weaker, heat-affected zones
• Aluminum
• Pros
• Inexpensive
• Light
• Adequately strong
• Very stiff for the weight
• Non-corrosive in non-salty environments
• Cons
• Fatigue risk requires "over-building"
• Lacks resilience and has "dead" feel
• Not easily repaired
• Bonded joints prone to failure
• Heat treatment can be inconsistent
• Titanium
• Pros
• Light
• Strong
• Resilient and "lively" feel
• Shock absorbing
• Non-corrosive
• Cons
• Expensive
• Designs limited by available tubes
• Not easily repaired
• Bad welds are easily hidden
• Stiffness is traded off for light weight
• Carbon
• Pros
• Lightest
• Strongest
• Best shock absorption
• Unlimited design applications
• Non-corrosive
• Material has high fatigue resistance
• Some designs are easily repaired
• Cons
• Expensive
• Technology still evolving
• Strength and stiffness are design dependent
• Fully molded styles have very limited sizes
Carbon:
ReplyDelete- Lightest - Physical
- Strongest - Physical
- Best shock absorption - Physical
- Unlimited design applications - Physical
- Non-corrosive - Chemical
- Material has high fatigue resistance - Chemical
- Some designs are easily repaired - Chemical
Steel:
- Light Weight - Physical
- Excessive flexibility - Physical
Titanium:
- Rigid - Physical
- High Strength - Physical
- light weight - Physical
- resistance to corrosion make - Chemical
- Shock Absorbing - Physical
Aluminum:
- No endurance limit - Physical
- Rigid - Physical
Carbon would be the best material because it is one of the lightest and strongest. Carbon can be very good for the construction of a bike because it won't rust if it was exposed to bad weather.